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· E N Z I M A T I C D E G U M M I N G · Survey about Enzimatic Degumming

Ken Carlson manufacturer specifications. Normally Jim Willits & León Espinosa
Danisco needs a cold room around 15°C ~ 20°C. De Smet Ballestra ses crude oil for export, there is a risk Customer should be apply the right pro-
that this oil will easily exceed the maxi- Are there any Health and Safety cedures in order to eliminated the enzy-
mum threshold of 1% of FFA allowed issues on dealing with enzymes in mes before the centrifugal separator.
The activity of our enzyme, Lysomax If the process is well control, good auto-
Oil, is measured by activity on a standard Curtis Otis mation, right size of mixer and reactors on degummed oil. If a plant processes plant? Are there any concerns on Enzimes are no toxic.
crude oil into edible oil/biodiesel and the safety of the processed oil?
phospholipid (sourced from Sigma). A DSM the answer in you will not expect new
copy of the protocol for conducting the problems with this technology. the removal of FFA is done by physical
enzyme activity measurement is availa- Generally cooler temperatures will extend means, the column must be designed to Fernando Cadore
operate with the appropriate amount of Verenium
ble on request. The costumer can easily the storage life of enzymes. For exam- In short, there are no significant unin-
implement this assay in his lab. ple, we recommend storage at 4-8ºC and tended problems with enzymatic degum- FFA present in the oil coming into the Chris Dayton
have a 1-year shelf-life. However, we also ming. column. So these are not really pro- Bunge North America • Caution should be exercised when
know that it can be shipped at ambient blems, but characteristics of the enzyme handling enzyme products. Enzyme
David Cowan temperatures without loss of activity; so and the correct enzyme should be selec- Degumming enzymes are liquid and manufactures issues Material Safety
ted for each application. pose no significant health issues. All Data Sheets and operators should be
Novozimes it doesn’t need to be treated like an ice Ken Carlson
cream cone in the middle of summer. Danisco enzymes are approved by the FDA and aware of the instructions on how to han-
10º Celsius is a good temperature for • Some enzymes operate in low pHs, require work safety testing. dle the product. Enzymes always have
enzyme storage. The transfer condition The important thing is to talk to your As for the sedimentation issue our only and often times there is no correction to go through rigorous processes to be
must be controlled in order to assure enzyme supplier for guidance. public comment is that when using our of pH after the retention tank. This oil, Enzymatic Interesterification enzymes certified as processing aid and/or food
with a very low pH goes into the heat are immobilized, thus they are a powder. additives and to be recognized a GRAS
the enzyme quality. Enzime activity can enzyme there is no more sedimentation
be controlled but is not so important is If you have expiring product in inventory, in degummed oil than in normal water or exchanger and subsequently into the Inhalation of any powdered substance is product (General Recognized as Safe).
the storage condition have been follow usually your supplier can test the activity. total degumming. centrifuge for phase separation. There is a safety issue. Enzymes are soluble in water and usua-
correctly. Alternatively they can provide you with widely known problem of precipitation lly no traces of enzyme are found in the
the analytical procedure to do it yourself of salts of Ca and Mg as a consequence In both enzymatic degumming and inter- oil. Additionally, both oil and meal con-
of the low pH that can be easily over- esterification, none of the enzyme is pre- taining enzyme residues are submitted
or pursue third-party testing. This same David Cowan
Fernando Cadore approach would allow you to test inco- Novozimes came just by increasing the pH close to sent in the finished product. to high temperatures during the process
Verenium ming products at your discretion. neutral. This technique also impacts the that denatures the enzyme. The enzyme
No comments gums making them more fluid and con- residues present in the meal will simply
• Each manufacturer develops studies/ sequently allowing for a cleaner separa- Jim Willits & León Espinosa be undetectable traces of broken chains
tion. Although sometimes people tend De Smet Ballestra of DNA with no effect to food safety.
experiments and determines what the
optimal storage conditions are for the Are there any unintended pro- Fernando Cadore to correlate this problem with the use of
enzyme products they produce for the blems inherent to the enzy- Verenium enzymes, this is not a consequence of the No issues, no enzyme in oil, and the
longest shelf life possible. As any other me degumming, such as tank enzyme reaction but simply caused by enzyme doesn’t have activity in the Frederico Viana
biological product, enzymes degrade bottoms? Is there any other pro- • When comparing two identical pro- the pH of the process. by products. Alfa Laval Colombia
with time, especially if the recommen- cesses of degumming, being one assisted
ded storage conditions are not observed. blem expected with the use of the by enzymes and another not assisted by No health issues.
technology? How can these pro- enzymes, usually the enzymatic pro- Frederico Viana Ken Carlson
These storage conditions usually are cer- blems be solved? cess will provide oil with a lower total Alfa Laval Colombia Danisco
tain temperature ranges, and avoidance P level. Since there is a standard in the Curtis Otis
If the separation step is not carried out Working with enzymes you should DSM
of direct light. Each manufacturer formu- industry for selling degummed oil at
lates their enzyme products to a specific 200ppm, plant managers may opt to try properly the reacted gums will precipita- always prevent skin contact by using
activity and guarantees that the enzyme Chris Dayton to adjust centrifuges to allow for P to te in the tank. Also if the moisture of the gloves. It is also important and prevent As with any compound in the workpla-
will remain above a minimum level of Bunge North America go into the oil phase up to the 200ppm oil is not controlled properly it may have formation of aerosols in the factory. ce, information about handling and safe-
activity if storage conditions are met. threshold. However, since great part of clogging of heat exchangers. There are no health implications from ty precautions should be found on the
An inherent problem produce in the this P that is remaining in the oil phase the enzyme in the refined oil, because Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS).
• Activity assays are developed by enzymatic degumming process is the is reacted P, this P has the tendency to there is no enzyme left in the oil. The
enzyme companies and they are specific development of Calcium (Ca), Magne- precipitate really fast, creating deposits Curtis Otis enzyme will follow the gum which, Generally, speaking enzymes do not
for each enzyme product. They usually sium (Mg), and Iron (Fe) citrates formed on the bottom of storage tanks. So when DSM when added to the meal, is inactivated pose a contact hazard to humans or
require lab apparatus, reagents, analyti- when the dissociated metals react with using a degumming process, plant mana- when the meal is heated to more the equipment. Some enzymes are powders
cal equipment that is not commonly the citric acid present in the oil. gers should try to set up centrifuges to We are not aware of any unintended pro- 100°C. Also, any minute amounts of which when airborne can cause sensiti-
found at plant labs, making it hard for an remove all reacted P, even if this means blems with enzymatic degumming based enzyme left in oil will be denatured and zation by inhalation.
accurate activity measurement at plants. These salts will precipitate out of solu- producing degummed oil with total P on our experience with processors. If removed in downstream processing.
tion and foul any economizers, heat levels around 100ppm. there are gums in your oil, you will have
exchangers, and the centrifuge in as little them falling to the bottom of tanks.
Frederico Viana as a single day. • When using PLA enzymes in crude David Cowan Can the reacted gums be used for
Alfa Laval Colombia oil, plant managers should be aware of So the best solution is to make sure you Novozimes something else, other than send it to
US patent 7,713,727 describes the pro- the fact that the product of the PLA enzy- optimize the process to ensure effective the meal? Can lecithin be produced
• Enzyme to be storage according to cess for eliminating these salts. me reaction is FFA. If one plant proces- gum removal but this is true for all pro- No issues where identified in relation when using enzymes for degumming?
cessing. with the health.